Ia in Legal Terms
A written statement setting out a cause of action or defense of a case. Instructions from a judge to the jury before it begins deliberations on the substantive questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. The ability for lawyers to summarize their legal arguments in court and answer questions from Supreme Court or Court of Appeal judges. To prevent something from being seen, heard or said. Suppressing evidence means preventing evidence presented by a party from being used in a trial. Typically, a court suppresses evidence if it is irrelevant or obtained illegally. The right as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions.
A legal finding or statement that a person is guilty of a crime. Advice on decisions a person should make to improve their legal case. Only lawyers can give legal advice. See “Legal notice”. The Latin expression means “reflection after the fact”. The Constitution prohibits the enactment of criminal laws ex post facto – laws that retroactively punish someone for an act that was lawful at the time it was committed. Non-insolvency proceedings in which an applicant or creditor attempts to submit its claim to a debtor`s future wages. In other words, the creditor requests that part of the debtor`s future salary be paid to him for a debt owed to him.
Common Law – The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions and not on laws passed by the legislature. facts about the law and the judicial process; General information on courts, procedures and terminology. Legal action against another natural or legal person. Suit – A lawsuit brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation, causing harm to the plaintiff. Jurisdiction – (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have jurisdiction to hear the same case at the same time. Some issues may be brought in state and federal courts. The plaintiff first decides where to file the lawsuit, but in some cases, the defendant may try to change the court.
(2) The geographical area in which the court has jurisdiction to hear cases. For example, a federal court in a state can generally only decide a case arising from lawsuits filed in that state. A written document submitted to the court as part of a proceeding or appeal setting out a party`s legal and factual arguments. A procedural document is required on appeal. The chapter of the Insolvency Code, which provides for the settlement of debts of a “family farmer” or “family fisher”, as defined in the Insolvency Act. Written legal advice requiring a person to appear in court to testify. Subpoena duces tecum is a communication that requires a person to appear and bring certain documents, records or objects with them. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues.
A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. Means “again” in Latin; It also means starting from scratch. The term is most often used to describe when a higher court hears a case from a lower court without relying on the legal findings or findings of fact of the lower court. Case law – The study of the law and the structure of the legal system. A judicial officer who oversees the administrative aspects of the judicial system, including managing the flow of cases. Clerks assist the public, litigants and lawyers in matters related to court proceedings. Clerks cannot give legal advice. A court order requiring a party to do or refrain from doing a particular act. An injunction may be issued as part of a final judgment or at any earlier stage of the judicial proceedings, in which case it is an interim or interim injunction. An injunction should only be issued with extreme caution if it is likely that a plaintiff would suffer irreparable harm if the injunction were not granted.
An agreement between two or more parties in which each party renounces something of value in exchange for another thing of value and which creates enforceable obligations by its terms. A person who, because of age, disability or disability, has the legal authority and duty to care for another person. Guardianship is the concept or legal framework of these services. A term that means conducting legal proceedings in a manner that protects and upholds the rights of individuals, including notification to all parties and the right to a fair trial before an impartial decision-maker. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. Latin for “you have the body”. A petition to bring a person before a court or judge, which is most often used to ensure that the detention, imprisonment or obligation of a person is lawful. A sum of money that a person receives as compensation for a loss, disadvantage or harm caused by an illegal or negligent act of another. Actual damages are an amount intended to compensate for actual damages.
The penalty is an amount contractually determined as a reasonable estimate of the damage determined for breach of contract.
